Are you interested in learning how to use Python? If you are, Geeks for Geeks in Python can help you get started. This self-paced course is designed to help you learn how to write Python programs and the fundamentals of object-oriented programming.
File Handling and File Operations
Using Python to handle and manipulate files is easy. Almost all file operations are simple to implement, and a standard set of file-handling features is available through the built-in and standard modules. However, some developers have found the classic library design and coding practices cumbersome.
Python handles files in both text and binary formats. Text files store textual information, and binary files store binary numbers. Regardless of the form, a file enables persistent storage in non-volatile memory. A file is also the name of a specific location on the disk where data is stored.
Python’s file-handling capabilities complement its cross-platform capabilities, allowing you to work with files across the operating system. The language is also relatively robust regarding error handling. The essential functions to remember in a Python file-handling program are: open(), write(), close(), and deadlines.
The open() function is the most basic, creating a new file for writing or reading. The available function can be used in a variety of ways. Using a relative path, you can target the file’s location close to the current working directory.
Variables
Whether you are a first-time python programmer or a seasoned pro, the concept of variables is probably something you have heard before. Variables in Python are objects that represent a piece of data. During a program, the data is assigned to the variables.
Variables can be declared as a number, string, or float. They can be local or global. Global variables are used for the entire program, while local variables are used inside functions. A global variable is referenced by the keyword international and can be accessed anywhere in the program.
Variables in Python also have unique attributes like identity. Identity is not an actual value but a particular variable attribute that tells Python which Python object the variable belongs to. It is a python equivalent of a label. When you assign a value to a variable, Python will automatically reserve memory space for it.
Variables are a great way to manipulate Python program data. They can be given names and used in any number of ways.
Datatypes
Whether you are a beginner or a professional, learning how to program in Python requires you to understand its data structures. These structures are vital to any programming language. They help you know how the compiler will interpret the data and what operations will be performed on the value.
Python has four data structures: dictionary, set, tuple, and list. All of these structures can be used to store data. You can create a dictionary by enclosing a series of elements in curly braces. You can also add or remove items from a dictionary.
Python dictionary keys are case-sensitive. This is important since you cannot duplicate a key. In Python, the value of the key is assigned the most recent value. You can add or remove items from the dictionary by re-assigning the value.
Python tuples are similar to lists. The keys of a dictionary can be accessed with an index number. If you are using nested tuples, you need to use nested indexing. The index number is the first element of the tuple.
Operators
Python operators are a powerful way to do math and logical operations. Python offers a range of operators, including basic arithmetic and mathematical functions, as well as more advanced features, such as complex numbers.
There are also a few operators that are unique to Python. These include membership operators, comparison operators, and relational operators.
Comparison operators are commonly used to check if a value equals another value. They are usually used in loops or as conditional expressions. Some comparison operators also check if two values are in the same memory.
One of the most basic operations performed in Python is the bitwise, not operator. In this operation, the bits of the left operand is moved to the right by the number of bits given by the right operand. This operation is called “right shift” in Python and is performed by the >> operator.
The bitwise not operator is similar to the 2’s complement operation in C. The result is represented as a single integer. However, this operation is used differently in different languages.
Object-Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python is a programming paradigm that bundles program properties into individual objects. This is often used to model real-world entities as software objects.
Classes are a common way to structure a program. Classes are code templates used to group related data and functions. Each class includes data members, functions, and behaviors. Classes have a formal hierarchy in many object-oriented languages, where subclasses inherit properties from the class’s parent.
One of the more critical aspects of object-oriented programming is inheritance. Inheritance helps to reduce complexity and facilitate code reuse. The benefits of the estate include a program’s overall structure, a reduced memory footprint, and the reusability of functions.
Data encapsulation is a crucial aspect of object-oriented programming. By wrapping data and code together, encapsulation prevents accidental modification of the data. It also contains the use of an object’s attributes from spilling over into its internal state.
Object-oriented programming in Python is based on the following concepts. The best part is that you can have a theoretical background to implement these concepts in your code.
Multithreading
Using multithreading in Python can improve the performance of your program. It can also make your program more responsive. Multithreading is used in conjunction with multiprocessing to execute multiple tasks on one CPU at the same time.
Multithreading is a technique used by operating systems to achieve multitasking. The main advantage of multithreading is that it allows several tasks to be executed simultaneously. This is useful for CPU-bound tasks, where a process spends most of its time waiting for internal events.
Threads are the smallest unit of a process. They are independent of one another but share a common memory space. They can execute independently, and a single thread can perform many tasks.
There are two main threads in a process: synchronous and asynchronous. Synchronous threads execute the same function in parallel, while asynchronous threads do different functions in parallel. Whether a line is synchronous or asynchronous depends on the operating system.
Multithreading is used to achieve concurrency in a Python program. It is helpful for I/O-bound tasks, where a thread waits for an external event to occur. It can also be beneficial for jobs that require data collection. This is because data collected can be shared between processes.
Control flow statements
Using Control flow statements in Python is a great way to make your code easy to understand. They allow you to test several conditions and execute instructions according to the results.
The if statement, the if statement, and the else statement are the three main types of control flow statements in Python. Using the if statement allows you to test if a specific condition is true or false. When the state is actual, the if statement will execute. If the condition is faulty, the else statement will execute.
On the other hand, the else/if statement allows you to evaluate the value of a particular condition. For example, if a program wants to know if a specific variable is positive, the else / if statement will tell you.
The while loop is the other central control flow statement in Python. While loops iterate over a sequence. They run until the condition is satisfied. For example, if the user enters a number less than 5, the while loop will stop. The if statement will run the rest of the code until the number is less than 5.
The else / if statement is significant because it makes writing code much more accessible. For example, if the program is complex, the else / if information may be easier to write than the if statement.
Beginner-friendly Python Programming Foundation – Self-Paced Course
Whether you’re just starting in programming or have been at it for years, the Beginner-friendly Python Programming Foundation – Self-Paced Course is a great resource.
This course is designed to take you from beginner to intermediate level, introducing you to the basics of Python and helping you build interactive applications from the ground up.
Each week contains four hours of video lectures. You’ll learn about Python features, data types, and logic concepts. You’ll also get hands-on experience with Python installations and labs.
You’ll be able to write, compile, and debug Python code. You’ll learn how to use the Python standard library, and you’ll be able to install Python and create your Python modules.
This course also includes fun quizzes and coding challenges. The exercises are designed to teach students Python vocabulary, programming best practices, and how to write code in Python. The course includes several Python libraries, such as Beautiful Soup, Pandas, and Numpy.
Python is a popular programming language and is used in many different types of projects. This course teaches the basics of programming and advanced topics such as automating computer tasks, building interactive applications, and building a responsive graphical user interface.
